Directed collaboration patterns in funded teams: A perspective of knowledge flow     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103237

Collaborations in funded teams are essential for understanding funded research and funding policies, although of high interest, are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate directed collaboration patterns from the perspective of the knowledge flow, which is measured based on the academic age. To this end, we proposed a project-based team identification approach, which gives particular attention to funded teams. The method is applicable to other funding systems. Based on identified scientific teams, we detected recurring and significant subgraph patterns, known as network motifs, and under-represented patterns, known as anti-motifs. We found commonly occurred motifs and anti-motifs are remarkably characterized by different structures matching certain functions in knowledge exchanges. Collaboration patterns represented by motifs favor hierarchical structures, supporting intensive interactions across academic generations. Anti-motifs are more likely to show chain-like structures, hindering potentially various knowledge activities, and are thus seldom found in real collaboration networks. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of funded collaborations and also the funding system. Meanwhile, our findings are helpful for researchers, the public and policymakers to gain knowledge on research(ers) evolution, particularly in terms of primordial collaboration patterns.  相似文献   

科技人力资本视角下杰青科学家资助年龄对资助效果的影响——以杰青基金地球科学项目为例     

田人合  郑军卫  张志强  于洁  杨芳娟 《图书情报工作》2019,63(22):91-105

[目的/意义] 杰青基金实施25年来，资助者年龄呈大龄化趋势发展，深入分析该现象对完成杰青基金的影响，对未来杰青基金管理具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 研究以1994-2018年杰青基金地球科学项目为研究对象，构建科研论文产出效率、创新能力和学术影响力三个评价指标，提出"科技人力资本投入-科研产出"理论模型及假设，采用DID模型克服样本选择性偏误所导致的内生性问题，验证理论假设，实现对杰青基金资助年龄异质性的研究。[结果/结论] 实证结果表明：杰青科学家大龄化趋势日趋严重，存在明显的45岁现象；杰青基金实施20年中，支持"资助年龄越大，资助效应越好"假设的比例较低；三个评价指标维度，资助效应最大且资助年龄在39-42岁之间的年份在杰青基金实施20年中所占比例最大。因此，无论从杰青基金设立宗旨、还是从评估结果来看，都应该避免杰青科学家大龄化趋势，扩大对中低龄优秀青年人才的资助。  相似文献   

‘Governments base performance-based funding on global rankings indicators’: A global trend in higher education finance or a global rankings literature fiction? A comparative analysis of four performance-based funding programs     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

For nearly two decades now, the rankings literature has continued to suggest that governments are adopting performance-based funding models which prioritize criteria favored by global rankings. This study examines this assertion by analyzing the performance-based funding programs of Austria, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. The study finds that the orientation of performance-based funding on global rankings is weaker than it is commonly assumed. Except for Finland, the funding volume universities raise from this orientation is not substantial to influence the institutional performance. The study also analyzes the recent structural changes to performance-based funding in each jurisdiction. Policy implications are provided in the conclusion for higher education systems revising their performance-based funding or considering a shift to performance-based accountability.  相似文献   

Do public subsidies and facility coverage matter for voluntary sports clubs?     

《Sport Management Review》2020,23(2):315-329

In many countries, voluntary sports clubs are the main recipients of public subsidies regarding the provision of recreational sport, and the economically most important level of government is usually the local government (i.e. the municipalities). The purpose of this article is to examine whether and how municipal framework conditions matter for sports clubs. Inspired by previous studies, we examine the role of direct and indirect public subsidies as well as facility coverage. The authors conduct analyses on a general level (for all sports) and specifically for five sports (badminton, football, gymnastics, handball and swimming). The differentiation between sports allows us to examine how municipal framework conditions might be associated differently with density and participation across sports. In the statistical analyses, the authors apply data collected among all 98 Danish municipalities. The results show that the municipal levels of direct and indirect subsidies are weakly correlated with both the density of and participation in sports clubs, while stronger correlations can be identified with regard to facility coverage. The analyses for the five sports reveal that the supply of relevant facility types is – with few exceptions – positively correlated with sports club density and participation levels within each sport. Thus, facility coverage seems to play a more important role for sports clubs than the levels of indirect and particularly direct subsidies.  相似文献   

科研经费的有效使用特征及其影响因素——基于扎根理论   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李燕萍  郭玮  黄霞 《科学学研究》2009,27(11):1685-1691

随着我国科技创新战略和创新型国家建设战略的深入实施,提高科研经费的使用效率成为促进我国科技发展的关键。本文运用扎根理论,从我国科研经费管理和科研工作者的角度,通过对文献探讨和深度访谈获得的资料进行分析,明晰了科研经费有效使用的特征,识别了影响科研工作者有效使用科研经费的因素,从环境因素、科研工作者、科研经费投入与产出等方面构建了影响科研经费有效使用的"四因素"立体模型,提出了以科研经费制度、科研经费管理、科研成果评价、科研工作者学术责任等为核心的科研经费有效使用管理模式,对促进我国科研经费使用效率的提高具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

我国企业技术创新与政府资助分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

连燕华  郑奕荣  于浩 《科研管理》2005,26(6):18-25

本文根据国家宏观统计数据，对我国政府通过科技拨款和税收减免等形式资助企业技术创新活动的情况，以两个监测指标和一组分析指标的形式进行了宏观监测分析，提出了自己的判断。  相似文献   

Searching for the public: school funding and shifting meanings of ‘the public’ in Australian education     

Jessica Gerrard  Glenn C. Savage  Kate O’Connor 《教育政策杂志》2017,32(4):503-519

School funding is a principal site of policy reform and contestation in the context of broad global shifts towards private- and market-based funding models. These shifts are transforming not only how schools are funded but also the meanings and practices of public education: that is, shifts in what is ‘public’ about schooling. In this paper, we examine the ways in which different articulations of ‘the public’ are brought to bear in contemporary debates surrounding school funding. Taking the Australian Review of Funding for Schooling (the Gonski Report) as our case, we analyse the policy report and its subsequent media coverage to consider what meanings are made concerning the ‘publicness’ of schooling. Our analysis reveals three broad themes of debate in the report and related media coverage: (1) the primacy of ‘procedural politics’ (i.e. the political imperatives and processes associated with public policy negotiations in the Australian federation); (2) changing relations between what is considered public and private; and (3) a connection of government schooling to concerns surrounding equity and a ‘public in need’. We suggest these three themes contour the debates and understandings that surround the ‘publicness’ of education generally, and school funding more specifically.  相似文献   

英国现代学徒制经费投入对我国的启示     

钮丽  翟志华 《山东商业职业技术学院学报》2021,(2):9-14

英国通过开征学徒税、扩大公共财政拨款、企业分摊和个人投入,建立了以公共资金为主、其他投资为辅的现代学徒制经费保障体系,取得了学徒和企业高满意及政府投入高回报等效果。针对我国现代学徒制经费投入存在的政府立法提供经费不明确和成本分担机制尚未建立等问题,应通过立法保障学徒经费投入、建立一主多元经费筹措机制、建立企业参与减免奖补机制和建立企业参与责任成本机制等措施,形成以政府投资为主、企业积极参与和合理分担成本的现代学徒制经费投入机制。  相似文献   

高校精准资助的思想政治教育功能提升研究     

夏慈忠 《湖北成人教育学院学报》2021,(2)

精准资助是“精准扶贫”在教育领域中的具体体现,与思想政治教育有着非常密切关联,是思想政治教育的有效途径。高校精准资助的思想政治教育功能,主要体现在思想导向、行为激励、身心调节以及品行塑造方面。通过对其功能发挥的困境分析,发现资助工作形式化、教育内容指向不清晰和群体认知偏差是主要致因。高校应树立科学系统的思维方法,完善育人制度和科学设定精准资助大学生,拓宽思想政治教育功能途径,促进精准准资助的思想政治教育功能提升。  相似文献   

Performance-based university funding and the drive towards ‘institutional meritocracy’ in Italy     

José Luis Mateos-González  Vikki Boliver 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2019,40(2):145-158

Many countries, including Italy, are increasingly managing their public higher education systems in accordance with the New Public Management principle that private-sector management practices improve efficiency and quality. A key mechanism has been the introduction of performance-based funding systems designed to reward ‘high-performing’ institutions and incentivise ‘lesser-performing’ institutions to improve. Instead of improving efficiency and quality across the board, however, we argue that performance-based funding systems naturalise longstanding structurally determined inequalities between institutions by recasting national higher education systems as competitive institutional meritocracies in which institutional inequalities are redefined as objective indicators of intrinsic ‘merit’ or worth. We illustrate how performance-based university funding systems naturalise pre-existing inequalities between universities drawing on the case of Italy, a country characterised by longstanding inequalities between its northern and southern regions which demonstrably impact on the apparent ‘performance’ of universities. The concept of institutional meritocracy captures the illusory nature of this performance game.  相似文献